Ukuthola Izingxenye

Igama lezingxenye

Izinhlamvu ze-PCB (Umklami)

Umsebenzi oyinhloko

Izithombe

I-Capacitor

C

Ingxenye eyisisekelo kagesi eqondile. Ama-capacitor asetshenziswa ekuhlungeni amandla, ekuhlungeni amasignali, ekuhlanganiseni amasignali, ekuhlanganiseni ama-resonance, ekuhlungeni, ekunxephezeleni, ekushajeni nasekukhipheni, ekugcineni amandla, nasekuhlukaniseni amasekethe e-DC

Umphikisi

R

I-Resistor ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi ukumelana empilweni yansuku zonke. Iyingxenye ekhawulela ugesi. Ngemva kokuba i-resistor ixhunywe kusekethe, inani lokumelana le-resistor liyaqina. Ngokuvamile, inamaphini amabili futhi ingakhawulela usayizi wamanje wegatsha exhunywe kulo.

3

I-Inductor

L

I-Inductor iyisakhi esingaguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla kazibuthe futhi siwagcine. Isakhiwo se-inductor sifana nese-transformer, kodwa sinomjikelezo owodwa kuphela. I-inductor ine-inductance ethile futhi ivimbela kuphela ushintsho lwamandla kagesi. Uma i-inductor isesimweni lapho kungekho khona amandla kagesi adlula kuyo, lapho isekethe ixhunyiwe, izozama ukuvimbela amandla kagesi ukuthi ageleze kuyo. Uma i-inductor isesimweni lapho amandla kagesi ageleza kuyo, izozama ukugcina amandla kagesi ahlala njalo lapho isekethe inqanyuliwe. Ama-Inductor aziwa nangokuthi ama-choke, ama-reactor, nama-dynamic reactor.

4

I-Diode

D

I-diode iyithuluzi le-elekthronikhi elenziwe ngezinto ze-semiconductor ezifana ne-silicon, i-selenium, ne-germanium. I-diode inama-electrode amabili, eli-positive, elaziwa nangokuthi i-anode. I-negative terminal, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cathode, iqhuba lapho kusetshenziswa i-voltage yangaphambili phakathi kwama-terminal amabili e-diode, futhi iyanqamuka lapho kusetshenziswa i-voltage ebuyela emuva. Ukuqhutshwa kanye nokunqanyulwa kwe-diode kufana nokuxhumeka kanye nokunqanyulwa kweswishi [2].

5

Ikristalu

Y / X

Ama-oscillator ekristalu asebenza "njengereferensi yesikhathi" yamadivayisi kagesi, enikeza amaza ewashi anembile kumasekethe ngokukhiqiza amasignali okuzulazula aphezulu azinzile. Ivumela imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yamadivayisi kagesi ukuthi asebenze ngokulandelana okuhlangene futhi iyisici esiyinhloko esiqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemishini.

6

Isixhumi

J / CONN

Ngokuvamile libhekisela kusixhumi sikagesi, okungukuthi, idivayisi exhumanisa izingxenye ezimbili ezisebenzayo ukuze idlulise ugesi noma izimpawu. Ukuphela kwesilisa kanye nokuphela kwesifazane kungadlulisa ulwazi noma ugesi ngemva kokuxhumana. Izingxenye eziyisisekelo zifaka phakathi oxhumana nabo bensimbi, ovimba ugesi, izindawo zokugcina amanzi kanye nezimbobo zokufaka ugesi.

7

I-Relay

I-RL

Kuyidivayisi yokulawula kagesi. Lapho ushintsho lwenani lokufaka (inani lokuvuselela) luhlangabezana nezidingo ezibekiwe, lubangela ushintsho lwesinyathelo esinqunyiwe enanini elilawulwayo kusekethe yokukhipha kagesi. Lunobudlelwano obusebenzisanayo phakathi kohlelo lokulawula (olwaziwa nangokuthi iluphu lokufaka) kanye nohlelo olulawulwayo (olwaziwa nangokuthi iluphu lokukhipha). Ngokuvamile lusetshenziswa kumasekethe okulawula okuzenzakalelayo. Eqinisweni, "kuyiswishi ezenzakalelayo" esebenzisa ugesi omncane ukulawula ukusebenza kogesi omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, idlala indima efana nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ukuvikela ukuphepha, kanye nokuguqulwa kwesekethe kusekethe.

8

Isekethe ehlanganisiwe

I-U / IC

Isekethe ehlanganisiwe iyidivayisi encane kagesi noma ingxenye. Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezithile, ama-transistors, ama-resistors, ama-capacitor, ama-inductor kanye nezinye izingxenye ezidingekayo kwisekethe, kanye nokuxhumana kwezintambo, kwenziwa engxenyeni encane noma ezingcezu eziningana ezincane zama-semiconductor wafers noma ama-dielectric substrates, bese kufakwa egobolondweni leshubhu ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo esincane esinomsebenzi wesekethe odingekayo. Zonke izingxenye zihlanganiswe ngokwesakhiwo zibe yinto yonke, okuye kwathatha izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi isinyathelo esikhulu phambili ekufinyeleleni ku-miniaturization, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, ubuhlakani kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Imelelwa izinhlamvu "U" noma "IC" kwisekethe. Abasunguli bezifunda ezihlanganisiwe nguJack Kilby (izifunda ezihlanganisiwe ezisekelwe ku-germanium (Ge)) kanye noRobert Noyce (izifunda ezihlanganisiwe ezisekelwe ku-silicon (Si)). Iningi lezinhlelo zokusebenza embonini ye-semiconductor yanamuhla yizifunda ezihlanganisiwe ezisekelwe ku-silicon, eziphinde zibe uphawu lwe Tinguquko yezobuchwepheshe ye-hird, ikani lezindleko eziyinhloko ezivela kulezi zingxenye ngokuvamile.

9

I-Fuse

F

Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kokudlula ngokweqile. Uma i-fuse ibekwe kahle kwisekethe, izoncibilika futhi inqume ugesi ngokwawo lapho ugesi ukhuphuka ngokungajwayelekile uye ekuphakameni nasekushiseni okuthile, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ukusebenza okuphephile kwesekethe.

10

Izingxenye zemishini

Akukho

Izikulufo, amantongomane, ikheyiji, Ikhebula, izingxenye zensimbi, izingxenye zepulasitiki, Lezi zinhlobo zingaba ezijwayelekile noma ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Ngokuvamile, zenza umsebenzi wokulungisa, umsebenzi wokuvikela, kanye nomsebenzi wokuxhuma